Santana
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representing YOU, the buyer.
In fact, in most cases we can negotiate for
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Santana Biography
Santana is the primary exponent of Latin-tinged rock,
particularly due to its combination of Latin percussion (congas,
timbales, etc.) with bandleader Carlos Santana's distinctive,
high-pitched lead guitar playing. The group was the last major act to
emerge from the psychedelic San Francisco music scene of the 1960s and
it enjoyed massive success at the end of the decade and into the early
'70s. The musical direction then changed to a more contemplative and
jazzy style as the band's early personnel gradually departed, leaving
the name in the hands of Carlos Santana, who guided the group to
consistent commercial success over the next quarter-century. By the
mid-'90s, Santana seemed spent as a commercial force on records, though
the group continued to attract audiences for its concerts worldwide.
But the band made a surprising and monumental comeback in 1999 with
Supernatural, an album featuring many guest stars that became Santana's
best-selling release and won a raft of Grammy Awards.
Mexican-native Carlos Santana (born July 20, 1947, in Autlan de
Navarro, Mexico) moved to San Francisco in the early '60s, by which
time he was already playing the guitar professionally. In 1966, he
formed the Santana Blues Band with keyboard player and singer Gregg
Rolie (born June 17, 1947, in Seattle, WA) and other musicians, the
personnel changing frequently. The group was given its name due to a
musicians union requirement that a single person be named a band's
leader and it did not at first indicate that Carlos was in charge. Bass
player David Brown (born February 15, 1947, in New York, NY) joined
early on, as did Carlos' high school friend, conga player Mike
Carabello (born November 18, 1947, in San Francisco), though he did not
stay long at first. By mid-1967, the band's lineup consisted of Carlos,
Rolie, Brown, drummer Bob Doc Livingston, and percussionist Marcus
Malone. The name was shortened simply to Santana and the group came to
the attention of promoter Bill Graham, who gave it its debut at his
Fillmore West theater on June 16, 1968. Santana was signed to Columbia
Records, which sent producer David Rubinson to tape the band at a
four-night stand at the Fillmore West December 19-22, 1968. The results
were not released until almost 30 years later, when Columbia/Legacy
issued Live at the Fillmore 1968 in 1997.
Livingston and Malone left the lineup in 1969 and were replaced by
Carabello and drummer Michael Shrieve (born July 6, 1949, in San
Francisco), with a second percussionist, Jose Chepito Areas (born
July 25, 1946, in Leon, Nicaragua) making Santana a sextet. The band
recorded its self-titled debut album and began to tour nationally,
making an important stop at the Woodstock festival on August 15, 1969.
Santana was released the same month. It peaked in the Top Five, going
on to remain in the charts over two years, sell over two million
copies, and spawn the Top 40 single Jingo and the Top Ten single
Evil Ways. Santana's performance of Soul Sacrifice was a highlight
of the documentary film Woodstock and its double-platinum soundtrack
album, which appeared in 1970. The band's second album, Abraxas, was
released in September 1970 and was even more successful than its first.
It hit number one, remaining in the charts more than a-year-and-a-half
and eventually selling over four million copies while spawning the Top
Five hit Black Magic Woman and the Top Ten hit Oye Como Va. By the
end of the year, the group had added a seventh member, teenage
guitarist Neal Schon (born February 27, 1954).
Santana's third album, Santana III, was performed by the seven band
members, though several guest musicians were also mentioned in the
credits, notably percussionist Coke Escovedo, who played on all the
tracks. Released in September 1971, the album was another massive hit,
reaching number one and eventually selling over two million copies
while spawning the Top Ten hit Everybody's Everything and the Top 20
hit No One to Depend On. But it marked the end of the Woodstock-era
edition of Santana, which broke up at the end of the tour promoting it,
with Carlos retaining rights to the band name.
Following a tour with Buddy Miles that resulted in a live duo album
(Carlos Santana & Buddy Miles! Live!), Carlos reorganized Santana
and recorded the fourth Santana band album, Caravanserai, on which each
track featured individual musician credits. From the previous lineup,
Rolie, Shrieve, Areas, and Schon appeared, alongside pianist Tom
Coster, percussionist James Mingo Lewis, percussionist Armando Peraza,
guitarist/bassist Douglas Rauch, and percussionist Rico Reyes, among
others. (Rolie and Schon left to form Journey.) The album was released
in September 1972; it peaked in the Top Five and was eventually
certified platinum. It was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop
Instrumental Performance with Vocal Coloring.
Carlos, who had become a disciple of the guru Sri Chinmoy and adopted
the name Devadip (meaning the eye, the lamp, and the light of God ),
next made a duo album with John McLaughlin, guitarist with the
Mahavishnu Orchestra (Love Devotion Surrender). Meanwhile, the lineup
of Santana continued to fluctuate. On Welcome, the band's fifth album,
released in November 1973, it consisted of Carlos, Shrieve, Areas,
Coster, Peraza, Rauch, keyboard player Richard Kermode, and singer Leon
Thomas. The album went gold and peaked in the Top 20. In May 1974,
Lotus, a live album featuring the same lineup, was released only in
Japan. (It was issued in the U.S. in 1991.) Carlos continued to
alternate side projects with Santana band albums, next recording a duo
LP with John Coltrane's widow Alice Coltrane (Illuminations). Columbia
decided to cash in on the band's diminishing popularity by releasing
Santana's Greatest Hits in July 1974. The compilation peaked in the Top
20 and eventually went double platinum. The sixth new Santana album,
Borboletta, followed in October. The band personnel for the LP featured
Carlos, Shrieve, Areas, Coster, Peraza, a returning David Brown,
saxophonist Jules Broussard, and singer Leon Patillo, plus guest stars
Flora Purim, Airto Moreira, and Stanley Clarke. Borboletta peaked in
the Top 20 and eventually went gold. Carlos steered Santana back to a
more commercial sound in the mid-'70s in an attempt to stop the eroding
sales of the band's albums. He enlisted Santana's original producer,
David Rubinson, to handle the next LP. The band was streamlined to a
sextet consisting of himself, Coster, Peraza, Brown, drummer Ndugu Leon
Chancler (Shrieve having departed to work with Stomu Yamashta), and
singer Greg Walker. The result was Amigos, released in March 1976,
which returned Santana to the Top Ten and went gold. The band was back
only nine months later with another Rubinson production, Festival, for
which Santana consisted of Carlos, Coster, returning members Jose
Chepito Areas and Leon Patillo, drummer Gaylord Birch, percussionist
Raul Rekow, and bass player Pablo Telez. This album peaked in the Top
40 and went gold. Never having issued a live album in the U.S., Santana
made up for the lapse with Moonflower, released in October 1977, for
which the band consisted of Carlos, Coster, Areas, Rekow, Telez,
returning member Greg Walker, percussionist Pete Escovedo, drummer
Graham Lear, and bass player David Margen. The album peaked in the Top
Ten and eventually went platinum, its sales stimulated by the single
release of a revival of the Zombies' She's Not There that peaked in
the Top 20, Santana's first hit single in nearly six years.
Turning to producers Dennis Lambert and Brian Potter, Santana returned
to the studio for Inner Secrets, released in October 1978. The revamped
lineup this time was Carlos, Rekow, Walker, Lear, Margen, returning
members Coke Escovedo and Armando Peraza, keyboard player Chris Rhyne,
and guitarist/keyboard player Chris Solberg. The album was quickly
certified gold, and a revival of the Classics IV hit Stormy made the
Top 40, but Inner Secrets peaked disappointingly below the Top 20. Once
again adopting his guru name of Devadip, Carlos issued his first real
solo album (Oneness/Silver Dreams - Golden Reality) in February 1979.
Marathon, the tenth Santana band studio album, followed in September,
produced by Keith Olsen, the band here being Carlos, Rekow, Lear,
Margen, Peraza, Solberg, singer Alex Ligertwood, and keyboard player
Alan Pasqua. The album equaled the success of Inner Secrets, peaking
outside the Top 20 but going gold, with You Know That I Love You
becoming a Top 40 single. Again, Carlos followed in the winter with
another solo effort (the Swing of Delight).
Santana (Carlos, Rekow, Lear, Margen, Peraza, Ligertwood, keyboard
player Richard Baker, and percussionist Orestes Vilato) spent some
extra time on its next release, not issuing Zebop! until March 1981,
and the extra effort paid off. Paced by the Top 20 single Winning,
the album reached the Top Ten and went gold. The band lavished similar
attention on Shango, which was released in August 1982. The same lineup
as that on Zebop! was joined by original member Gregg Rolie, who also
co-produced the album. A music video helped Santana enjoy its first Top
Ten single in more than a decade with Hold On, but that did not
translate into increased sales for the album, which peaked in the Top
20 but became the band's first LP not to at least go gold. Carlos
followed with another solo album (Havana Moon), but did not release a
new Santana band album until February 1985 with Beyond Appearances,
produced by Val Garay. By now the lineup consisted of Carlos, Rekow,
Peraza, Ligertwood, Vilato, returning member Greg Walker, bass player
Alphonso Johnson, keyboard player David Sancious, drummer Chester C.
Thompson, and keyboard player Chester D. Thompson. Say It Again, the
album's single, reached the Top 40, but that was better than the LP
did.
Santana staged a 20-year anniversary reunion concert in August 1986
featuring many past bandmembers. The February 1987 album Freedom marked
the formal inclusion of Buddy Miles as a member of Santana, alongside
Carlos, Rekow, Peraza, Vilato, Johnson, Chester D. Thompson, and
returning members Tom Coster and Graham Lear. The album barely made the
Top 100. Carlos followed in the fall with another solo album (Blues for
Salvador), winning his first Grammy Award in the process (Best Rock
Instrumental Performance for the title track). In 1988, he added Wayne
Shorter to the band for a tour, then put together a reunion edition of
Santana that featured Areas, Rolie, and Shrieve beside Johnson, Peraza,
and Thompson. In October, Columbia celebrated the 20-year anniversary
of the band's signing to the label with the retrospective Viva Santana!
The next new Santana album was Spirits Dancing in the Flesh, released
in June 1990, for which the band was Carlos, Peraza, Thompson,
returning member Alex Ligertwood, drummer Walfredo Reyes, and bass
player Benny Rietveld. A modest seller that made only the lower reaches
of the Top 100, it marked the end of the band's 22-year tenure at
Columbia Records.
In 1991, Santana signed to Polydor Records, which, in April 1992,
released the band's 16th studio album, Milagro. The lineup was Carlos,
Thompson, Ligertwood, Reyes, Rietvald, and percussionist Karl Perazzo.
Polydor was not able to reverse the band's commercial decline, as the
album became Santana's first new studio release not to reach the Top
100. The group followed in November 1993 with Sacred Fire - Live in
South America, which featured Carlos, Thompson, Ligertwood, Reyes,
Perazzo, singer Vorriece Cooper, bass player Myron Dove, and guitarist
Jorge Santana, Carlos' brother. The album barely made the charts. In
1994, Carlos, Jorge, and their nephew Carlos Hernandez, released
Santana Brothers, another marginal chart entry. The same year, Areas,
Carabello, Rolie, and Shrieve formed a band called Abraxas and released
the album Abraxas Pool, which did not chart.
Santana left Polydor and signed briefly to EMI before moving to Arista
Records, run by Clive Davis, who had been president of Columbia during
the band's heyday. Carlos and Davis put together Supernatural, which
was stuffed with appearances by high-profile guest stars including
Eagle-Eye Cherry, Wyclef Jean, Eric Clapton, Lauryn Hill, Rob Thomas of
matchbox 20, Everlast, and Dave Matthews. Arista released the album in
June 1999, followed by the single Smooth featuring Rob Thomas. Album
and single hit number one and in 2000, a second single, Maria Maria,
also topped the charts. Supernatural's sales exploded, taking it past
ten million copies and the album garnered 11 Grammy nominations.
Santana won eight Grammys, for Record of the Year ( Smooth ), Album of
the Year, Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal ( Maria
Maria ), Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals ( Smooth ), Best Pop
Instrumental Performance ( El Farol ), Best Rock Performance by a Duo
or Group with Vocal ( Put Your Lights On ), Best Rock Instrumental
Performance ( The Calling ), and Best Rock Album, and Smooth won the
Grammy for Song of the Year for authors Rob Thomas and Itaal Shur. The
follow-up, Shaman, appeared in 2002. Three years later All That I Am
arrived with Steven Tyler, Michelle Branch, Big Boi, Joss Stone, Bo
Bice, and many more making guest appearances. ~ William Ruhlmann, All
Music Guide
Written by William Ruhlmann